Russian Trademark Protection System The fourth part of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is the current intellectual property code of the country, with Chapter 76 containing trademark regulations. At present, the Civil Code imposes some restrictions on the acquisition of trademark rights, such as allowing only legal entities or individual entrepreneurs to possess […]
The German Trademark Protection System The Trademark Protection Law was promulgated in 1874, which protected trademark and name rights and played a positive role in avoiding unfair competition. In 1894, the law was replaced by the Trademark Law. In the Trademark Law, a system combining preliminary review and registration has been introduced, and the Trademark […]
Danish Trademark Protection System Denmark is a member of the European Union, as well as a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization and the vast majority of international agreements on trademarks. EU trademarks operate in parallel with domestic trademarks of EU countries and do not conflict with each other. However, trademarks that have already […]
Benelux trademark On February 25, 2005, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg signed the “Benelux Convention on Intellectual Property (Trademarks and Designs)” (hereinafter referred to as the “Benelux Convention”), replacing the previous “Benelux Convention on Trademarks (1962)” and “Benelux Convention on Designs (1966)”. The convention came into effect on September 1, 2006. According to the Benelux […]
Belarus Trademark Protection System On February 5, 1993, the first law of the Republic of Belarus on the protection of inventions, designs, and trademarks was passed. On May 16, 1996, the Copyright and Related Rights Law was passed. Nowadays, Belarus’ intellectual property protection and management system consists of multiple levels of legislation and relevant institutions. […]
The Australian Trademark Protection System The predecessor of Australian trademark law was the Trade Marks Act of 1955, and the first true trademark law was the Trademark Act of 1995. Australia implements a “dual track system” for trademarks, which means that both registration and use can obtain trademark protection. Australian Intellectual Property Office The […]
Egyptian Trademark Protection System In Egypt, trademark registration is not mandatory. The owner of a globally renowned trademark in Egypt, even if the trademark is not registered in Egypt, has the right to enjoy the protection granted by Egypt’s Intellectual Property Protection Law. Egypt is a member of the Madrid International Trademark Registration System, and […]
Argentine Trademark Protection System A trademark is a unique identifier used by producers, traders, or suppliers of goods or services to distinguish them in the market. Its main function is to enable consumers to identify an individual or company’s goods or services in order to differentiate them from competitors. Brands play a crucial role in […]
Grace Lee is an accomplished Australian intellectual property (IP) lawyer with an impressive blend of expertise, experience, and dedication to the legal field. Since obtaining her lawyer qualification in 2021, Grace has amassed three years of intensive legal work experience, carving out a niche in trademark registration and patent applications. Her professional journey demonstrates not […]
The UK Trademark Protection System In the UK, the rights holder of an unregistered trademark that has already been used and has a certain degree of goodwill can obtain common law protection, known as passing off protection, but whether they can obtain protection depends on various factors, such as whether the unregistered trademark was used […]